Prioritising victim support not only strengthens public trust in the criminal justice system but also enhances the relationship between law enforcement and the communities they serve, writes Md Motiar Rahman
VICTIMS of crime are individuals or entities who suffer harm — whether physical, emotional, psychological, financial, or social — as a direct result of criminal activities. This includes not only those directly affected but also their families and dependants, who may experience secondary victimisation. Victims can be individuals, businesses, or institutions that endure losses due to offences such as violence, fraud, theft, or exploitation. In legal and criminological contexts, victims are often recognised for their right to justice, protection, and support services to mitigate the consequences of the crime committed against them.
Victims of crime look to the police as their first line of support and justice. Whether reporting a crime, seeking protection, resolving disputes, or investigating suspicious activities, victims often approach the police during times of vulnerability, distress, or danger. In such moments, victims place immense trust in law enforcement to provide assistance, restore their sense of security, and initiate the process of justice.
Victims of serious and sensitive crimes — such as violent assaults, human trafficking, domestic abuse, and sexual violence — often endure profound physical, emotional, and psychological trauma, compounded by societal stigma, fear of retaliation, and financial instability. The police are expected to adopt a trauma-informed approach, treating victims with compassion and sensitivity while minimising re-traumatisation. This includes recognising signs of trauma, conducting interviews in private and respectful settings, and avoiding distressing language or actions. The psychological impact of such crimes can be long-lasting, leading to fear, anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder, with symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, and hypervigilance. These burdens can also manifest physically, causing chronic fatigue, headaches, sleep disorders, or injuries sustained during the crime, creating a cycle of distress that hinders a victim’s recovery and ability to rebuild their life.
Particularly vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly, and those with disabilities, require special attention during these interactions. Children who are victims or witnesses of crime often struggle to articulate their experiences, making it crucial for law enforcement to employ child-friendly practices and work closely with trained child psychologists or social workers. Elderly victims may face unique challenges, such as mobility issues or heightened vulnerability to fear and stress, necessitating a patient and empathetic approach. People with disabilities, whether physical, sensory, or cognitive, often encounter barriers in accessing justice and support services, underscoring the importance of compliance with relevant laws like the Rights and Protection of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2013, in Bangladesh.
Beyond the immediate interaction with law enforcement, victims require a holistic support system to recover fully. Medical attention is often a priority, addressing both visible injuries and the less obvious physical manifestations of trauma. Emotional support, including counselling or therapy, is equally vital to help victims process their experiences, rebuild their self-esteem, and regain a sense of control over their lives. Social support is another key component, as victims often need assistance in navigating the legal process, accessing financial aid, or reintegrating into their communities.
As the first point of contact in the justice system, police stations play a crucial role in shaping victims’ experiences and influencing their willingness to engage in legal proceedings. Officers’ professionalism, empathy, and demeanour significantly impact victims’ perceptions of justice, instilling confidence and encouraging them to share their experiences. A compassionate, patient, and non-judgemental approach helps victims feel understood and supported, ensuring essential information is gathered to build a strong case. Conversely, indifference or insensitivity can deepen trauma, deter victims from seeking justice, and erode public trust. Victims of violent crimes, such as assault or sexual violence, may feel unsafe or isolated, while those affected by theft or financial crimes may experience helplessness and economic instability. In all cases, officers must demonstrate empathy and professionalism to provide meaningful support and foster a sense of security.
Ensuring that these groups receive the care and attention they need involves adopting a victim-centred approach that prioritises their rights, safety, and dignity. This includes adhering to legal safeguards, such as protecting their identities, preventing re-victimisation, and keeping them informed about case developments. Collaboration with specialised organisations and service providers can also enhance the quality of support available to victims, ensuring that their diverse needs are met.
Moreover, effective victim support includes facilitating access to a broader network of services. Referrals to counselling, mental health services, and social support programs are essential for helping victims cope with the emotional impact of their experiences. For victims in situations of ongoing danger, such as those escaping domestic abuse or human trafficking, the police can play a crucial role in coordinating with shelters, protective services, and NGOs to ensure their safety. Legal aid is another critical component, as many victims lack the financial means to navigate complex legal proceedings. Police can connect victims with pro bono legal services or public interest organisations that specialise in supporting vulnerable populations.
Professionalism is essential in ensuring that victims’ cases are handled effectively, requiring meticulous documentation, thorough investigation, and clear communication about their rights, case progress, and available resources. Officers must uphold neutrality and fairness, particularly in complex disputes or cases involving influential individuals, so that all victims feel heard and protected. Beyond enforcing public safety, the police play a crucial role in helping victims navigate the often overwhelming aftermath of crime through a victim-centred approach that prioritises care, guidance, and ongoing support. Many victims enter the justice system in a state of vulnerability and uncertainty, and in such moments, the police serve as a vital source of assistance by explaining legal processes, informing them of their rights, and connecting them with necessary resources. For those experiencing trauma, having a knowledgeable and empathetic officer to guide them can significantly aid recovery and reinforce public trust in the justice system.
Specialised training for police officers is essential to equip them with the skills needed to handle sensitive cases, such as those involving gender-based violence, child victims, or survivors of human trafficking. Establishing victim support desks or units within police stations, staffed with trained professionals, can provide a more victim-centred approach by offering immediate assistance, connecting victims with counselling services, and guiding them through the legal process. To achieve these outcomes, law enforcement agencies must invest in training and resources that enable officers to effectively address victims’ needs while ensuring consistent care throughout their journey in the justice system. Additionally, collaboration between police, civil society organisations, and government agencies is crucial in creating a holistic support network that fosters trust and reassurance for victims. In all cases, a victim-centred approach is noticeably lacking in police services.
Ultimately, the police’s response to victims not only affects individual cases but also shapes broader public confidence in the justice system. By treating victims with dignity, respect, and professionalism, the police can reinforce their role as protectors of the vulnerable and as facilitators of justice. This, in turn, strengthens the social contract between law enforcement and the community, fostering a safer and more just society for all.
The Dhaka Metropolitan Police operates the Victim Support Centre, the first and only centre of its kind in Bangladesh, established on February 17, 2009. Staffed by female police officers and open 24/7, the VSC assists women and children in need, working in collaboration with police personnel and 10 non-governmental organisations. The centre offers legal aid, psycho-social counselling, and emergency medical support, catering to victims referred by police stations as well as direct complainants. Temporary shelter is provided for up to five days, with referrals to partner NGOs for long-term care if needed. Most cases involve missing children, young girls, or domestic helpers who have left home due to conflicts. When victims provide an address, the VSC coordinates with the respective police station to contact their families; if no address is available, the centre publishes the victim’s photo and details in newspapers. For victims offering partial information about their residence within the DMP area, VSC vehicles assist in locating their guardians. Facilities at the centre include an 8-bed dormitory, clothing, meals, recreation, indoor games, medical treatment on specific days, and nursing services during office hours, ensuring holistic support for vulnerable individuals. The Victim Support Centre in the Dhaka Metropolitan Police stands as a model of dedicated service for crime victims, particularly those who are vulnerable and disadvantaged in society. Expanding similar services to other units across Bangladesh would greatly enhance the welfare and rehabilitation of crime victims nationwide.
In conclusion, addressing the multifaceted needs of victims requires a comprehensive and empathetic approach that extends beyond traditional law enforcement. By fostering a supportive environment and providing guidance, resources, and emotional support, the police can play a transformative role in helping victims heal, seek justice, and rebuild their lives. Prioritising victim support not only strengthens public trust in the justice system but also enhances the relationship between law enforcement and the communities they serve. A justice system rooted in compassion, fairness, and inclusivity ultimately contributes to a more just and humane society.
To be continued.
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Dr Md Motiar Rahman is a retired deputy inspector general of police.